Sharing Fees - Solicitors (Scotland) Practice Rules
1991. And Relative Guideline
Rules dated 3rd May 1991, made by the Council of The Law Society
of Scotland and approved by the Lord President of the Court of
Session under section 34 of the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980 as
amended.
1.—(1) These rules may be cited as the Solicitors (Scotland) Practice Rules
1991.
(2) These rules shall come into operation on 3rd May 1991.
2.—(1) In these rules unless the context otherwise requires:—
‘‘the Act’’ means the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980 as amended;
‘‘the Council’’ means the Council of the Law Society of Scotland
established under the Act;
‘‘lawyer’’ means a member of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland or a
legal practitioner offering legal services to the public, who is
qualified and licensed to practise in accordance with the law of a
legal jurisdiction other than that of Scotland, and includes a firm
of lawyers, a law centre, a European Economic Interest Group the
membership of which is exclusively lawyers, an incorporated
practice of lawyers and any association (whether corporate or
unincorporate) consisting exclusively of lawyers or exclusively of
lawyers and solicitors;
‘‘solicitor’’ means any person enrolled as a solicitor in pursuance of the
Act and includes a firm of solicitors, an incorporated practice and
any association of solicitors;
(2) The Interpretation Act 1978 applies to these rules as it applies to an
Act of Parliament.
3. Rules 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the Solicitors (Scotland) Practice Rules 1964 are
hereby repealed.
4. A solicitor shall not share with any unqualified person any profits or
fees or fee derived from any business transacted by the solicitor of a kind
which is commonly carried on by solicitors in Scotland in the course of or in
connection with their practice; provided always that the provisions of this
rule shall not apply to the sharing of profits or fees where:—
(i) a person who has ceased to practise as a solicitor shall receive
from any solicitor a share of the profits or fees of the latter, as a
price or value of the business which he has transferred to the
latter or shall receive a share of such profits as a voluntary or
other allowance out of the profits or fees of a business in which
he had been a partner; or
(ii) the widow, heirs, executors, representatives, next of kin or
dependants of any deceased solicitor receive from any solicitor
who has purchased or succeeded to the business of such deceased
solicitor or from any firm of solicitors of which such deceased
solicitor was a partner at his death any share of the profits of
such business; or
(iii) the salary of any clerk or assistant of a solicitor who is wholly
employed by such solicitor is partly or wholly paid in the form of
a percentage on the profits of such solicitor’s business or any part
thereof; or
(iv) such profits or fees are received by any public officer in respect of
work done in the course of his duty; or
(v) an agreement for sharing such profits or fees is made between a
solicitor and a lawyer;
(vi) such profits or fees are received by an officer of a public body
Solicitors (Scotland) Practice Rules 1991 F 339
who is a solicitor or by the public body and are dealt with in
accordance with Statutory Provisions.
5. The Council shall have power to waive any of the provisions of these
rules in any particular case or cases.
6. Breach of these rules may be treated as professional misconduct for the
purposes of Part IV of the Act (Complaints and Disciplinary Proceedings).
Guidance
The Solicitors (Scotland) Practice Rules 1991 prohibit solicitors from sharing "with any unqualified person any profits or fees or fee derived from any business transacted by the solicitor of a kind which is commonly carried on by solicitors in Scotland in the course of or in connection with their practice"; with certain limited exceptions. Those exceptions are, broadly, retired partners and their executors, heirs or representatives; clerks or assistants who are wholly employed in the solicitors firm; public officers in respect of work done in the course of their duty; and other lawyers - including lawyers in other jurisdictions - and law centres. The Professional Practice Committee has recently undertaken a review of the practice rules particularly in the light of developments in England and Wales which were briefly referred to in last month's Journal (page 40).
The Law Society (of England and Wales) have proposed changes to their similar rules which would allow solicitors to enter into fee sharing arrangements which (a) facilitate the introduction of capital; (b) facilitate the provision of services to the practice; (c) pay for referral of business except for Criminal Court work. The provisions are not unfettered and multi discipline partnerships will continue to be prohibited. Solicitors will require to supply details of all such arrangements and the percentage of the annual gross fees of the practice which has been paid to each fee sharer to the Law Society; solicitors will require to disclose to the client any referral arrangement involving payment by the solicitor to a third party; and such an arrangement should not compromise the solicitors independence or impose any constraints or conditions which affect the client.
In its review the Society's Professional Practice Committee came to the conclusion that the Scottish practice rules should not be amended but that this article should be published to advise the profession in Scotland of how the Committee interpret the practice rules with particular regard to arrangements which would be regarded as breaching the rules and arrangements which would not.
The Committee take the view that the principle type of arrangement which the practice rules prohibit is an arrangement to pay commission for the introduction of business on a case by case basis. Solicitors are entitled to pay for the cost of marketing or promoting the practice. They are entitled to pay a fee to be included on a panel to whom referrals will be made provided that that fee is not expressed as a specific sum per referral or as a percentage of the fees chargeable for referred business. A flat fee is not in breach of the rules and that may be a fee which is reviewed periodically.
Solicitors in Scotland are entitled to pay for the provision of services to the practice. To that extent the rules are not interpreted literally, as on one view the rules would prohibit the payment of rates and utility charges out of the firm's fee income. That is not how the rules are interpreted. Even if the service is provided by the person who introduces the client, solicitors are entitled to pay for the service. However the service must be a real service and not merely the introduction of the client. The Committee have also decided that the carrying out of a money laundering check by the introducer would not be a service for which payment could be made as that is an obligation on solicitors themselves in terms of the Accounts Rules. Services which have been accepted as not breaching the rules have included carrying out hearing tests; taking statements of witnesses; obtaining photographs of a locus; and completing a detailed client questionnaire relating to the particular matter in which the solicitor is instructed. The introduction of capital in return for a percentage of the solicitors fees would be regarded as breaching the practice rules, but the provision of loan funds with a variable rate of interest expressed as a percentage of the funds advanced would not.
The inclusion of a commission paid to an introducer as an outlay in a solicitors fee note - and not a hidden part of the fee - would not be in breach of the rules.
Finally solicitors are of course entitled to receive commission from third parties for the introduction of business, but the existence of such arrangements should be disclosed to the client although the actual amount of commission does not need to be disclosed unless the client specifically seeks that information. Such commission received must relate to any work undertaken by the solicitors in connection with the business referred. If no work has been undertaken, unless the commission is of a nominal amount it should be accounted for to the client.
Bruce Ritchie, Director of Professional Practice
